14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed, regulate many cellular processes relevant to cancer biology, notably apoptosis, mitogenic signaling, nutrientsensing pathways and cell-cycle checkpoints by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. 14-3-3 protein is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse and rat orthologs. This gene is upregulated in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. There are at least seven isoforms, β, γ, ε, σ, ζ, τ, and η that have been identified in mammals. The encoded protein interacts with IRS1 protein, suggesting a role in regulating insulin sensitivity.