Human apolipo-protein L1 (APOL1) is a minor component of plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, acting as an interacting protein of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1). Apolipoprotein A-I is a relatively abundant plasma protein and is the major apoprotein of HDL. The human ApoL protein family was thought to be predominantly involved in lipid transport and metabolism.