Serine/threonine protein kinases are involved in autophagy response to starvation. It acts upstream of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Pik3c3 to regulate the formation of autophagosomes. Part of the regulatory feedback loop in autophagy: downstream effectors and negative regulators of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1). AMPK is activated through phosphorylation and acts as a regulator of AMPK by mediating the phosphorylation of AMPK subunits PRKAA1, PRKAB2, and PRKAG1, leading to negative regulation of AMPK activity.
