Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been identified as a potent neurotrophic factor that enhances survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. It signals through GFRα receptors, particularly GFRα1. The most prominent feature of GDNF is its ability to support the survival of dopaminergic and motorneurons. These neuronal populations die in the course of Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). GDNF also regulates kidney development and spermatogenesis, and it affects alcohol consumption.
