LAMTOR1 (ragulator complex protein LAMTOR1 or PDRO), a part of Ragulator complex which contains LAMTOR1-5, is a relatively novel lapidated protein adaptor of the lysosomal membrane which senses and integrates a diverse array of cellular signals, with mTOR kinase activity within the complex being influenced by a variety of nutrients e.g. amino acids, glucose etc., oxygen status, cellular energy levels, and many secreted growth factors such as cytokines and hormones, including insulin. LAMTOR1 is directly responsible for anchoring the Ragulator complex to membranes and is also required for late endosomes/lysosomes biogenesis. It regulates both the recycling of receptors through endosomes and MAPK signaling pathway through recruitment of some of its components to late endosomes. LAMTOR1 deregulation is observed in certain pathologies including cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
