Regulatory associated protein of FRAP, also designated Raptor, is a binding partner for mammalian target of Rapamycin kinase (FRAP) and is essential for FRAP signaling in vivo. Raptor binding to FRAP is critical for FRAP-catalyzed substrate phosphorylation of 4E-BP1. The Raptor-FRAP complex is nutrientsensitive and is important for a mechanism by which cells coordinate cell growth and size with changing environmental conditions.