The activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor consists of either Jun/Jun homodimers or Fos/Jun heterodimeric complexes. JunD, along with closely related family members c-Jun and JunB, is a transcription factor that can activate or repress a wide array of target genes.Studies suggest that the two forms of Jun D may be due to internal initiation of translation. JunD appears to specifically regulate genes involved in antioxidant response and hydrogen peroxide production and plays an important role in angiogenesis via its ability to exert transcriptional control over the VEGF gene.
